Every verb has one of four roots after the first consonant. The root generally is connected to the verb's meaning. The root morphs for person and negativity.
| People | Nature | Neuter | Unearthly | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | ary | iry | orny | ewy |
| 1st person | aru | iru | ornu | ewu |
| 2nd person | ari | iri | orni | ewi |
| 3rd person | are | ire | orne | ewo |
| People | Nature | Neuter | Unearthly | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | ary | iry | orny | ewy |
| Negative | ymary | ymry | ymny | ymewy |
A direct object can be either replaced or complemented by adding to the end of the transitive verb. Indirect objects must always be complemented by morphing the verb.
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person ani. | 3rd person inani. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | my | ny | ry | jy |
| Plural | mas | ras | la |
To morph a verb for the 2nd person plural, the 3rd person animate plural is used instead.
Commands are made by replacing the root of a verb with “uja”. If the consonant coming after the new root is “j”, it should be replaced with “l”.
| ary | aru | ari | are |
|---|---|---|---|
| arya | arau | aryi | arao |
Volitional form is used when inviting someone to do something. When using the volitional form it’s not necessary to use a question particle, but using one makes it more polite.
| People | Nature | Neuter | Unearthly | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | yly | ily | oly | ycy |
| Negative | ylmy | ilmy | olmy | amicy |
Potential form is used to say that something has the potential of happening. When using the potential form the verb is by default in the future tense without the need for the verb xewuh.
If the past tense verb is used the verb instead describes an action that could have occurred in something happening.
All that is needed for a sentence is a verb morphed for person (eg. verb + subject).
Sentence order revolves around the verb. Time is placed at the start of the sentence, with only certain particles begating it.
Prepositions come after the verb.
Numbers and adjectives come after the noun.
SOV
If auxiliary verbs go before main verb etc etc
If subject is not same for main as for auxiliary, subject is put in normal position but verb is not morphed
The following words are capitalized: the first word of a sentence, pronouns, names, and nouns. If the first word of a sentence is a particle however, the capitalization instead goes to the first non-particle word in the sentence.
There’s no verb “to be”, but things can be described as “to be” something using the verb for existence “hornymysh” in the phrasing “adjective subject exists”.
The subject of a verb can be dropped since verbs conjugate for person. The difference between including a pronoun as the subject in a sentence and not is emphasis and
If wanted to say she thirsts for it it could be said “tiresnyk no” as object can be left out if guessable
Also no often gets shortened to o in colloquial speak
Interrogative mood is normally just shown through rising tone, but there are also certain particles that can be placed at the start of a sentence to indicate the mood as well.
| Wa | General tone marker |
| Na | Used when you think you know the answer already |
| Syt | "PLEASE tell me" |
Imperfect is done by using the verb “to do (hiryl)” in the phrasing: hiryl + infinitive
Future/past tense is done through auxiliary verbs in the phrasing: future/past verb + (hiryl) + infinitive
Perfect is marked by using the particle kac before the verb
Subjects and objects go after the auxiliary verbs, and direct/indirect morphology is still done on the main verb.
So for tense there is future, present, and past. For aspect there is perfect, which specifies an action completed, simple, the default aspect of a verb, and imperfect, which describes an action currently occurring.
Possessive pronouns are placed at the start of the noun
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | my | ny | ry |
| Plural | mi | ni | ri |
Definite can be marked by object particle before obj - za
The particle is also used if it is difficult to differentiate between subject and object in a sentence. To list items za is also used after each item to mean and.
Emphasizes
Used to place words after a verb, for emphasis or to be less formal.
The part of the word that morphs is usually the last syllable
| Initial ending | Resulting ending | Extra info |
|---|---|---|
| a, y, e | i | Pertaining to WORD |
| i, u, o | ni | Pertaining to WORD |
| Consonant | li or zi | Pertaining to WORD |
| Nasal | mi | Pertaining to WORD |
| a, y, e | oh | Made of WORD |
| i, u, o | ah | Made of WORD |
| Consonant | xa | Made of WORD |
| Vowel or consonant | nal | Resembling WORD |
| Nasal | mal | Resembling WORD |
| Initial ending | Resulting ending | Extra info |
|---|---|---|
| Any | zyx | Tending to often do WORD |
| Initial ending | Resulting ending | Extra info |
|---|---|---|
| Any | sna% | Tending to often do WORD |
| Syllable | mek | Recipent of WORD |
| Root | (n)eca | Produced from WORD |
| Initial ending | Resulting ending | Extra info |
|---|---|---|
| Any | %vika | Makes noun masculine |
| Any | %moka | Makes noun feminine |
| Any | ki or i | Makes noun tiny |
| Consonant | net | Between WORD |
| Vowel | %net | Between WORD |
| Any | anon | Within WORD |
To give more respect to someone while talking to them, address them as zyj + name. This is basically an equivalent of “miss/mister/misses”.
One can also add the particle “za” to someone's name when talking to them in the second person, but it’s extremely formal and could cause someone to think that they're being mocked if just used in normal conversation.
If you want to give more respect to someone while talking about them in the third person, address them as name + kut, and also use the object particle za when talking of them.
Replacing the first syllable of someone's name with my- or mi- is a common type of derivative. Adding “i” or “ki” to the end of a word means tiny. Derivatives can be stacked on top of one another as well.
A general informal greeting is “si” coming from “sin”. A more formal general greeting is “siruv” sometimes just shortened to “siru” (slightly less formal).
Time-based greetings such as “good morning” can be done by saying time + happy
To say who you are, say “[name] waregemy” (lit: they tell me [name]) or “[name] warugemy” (lit: I tell myself [name]), 3rd person being more formal. For extra formality, make it past tense so as to say “they told me [name]”. To include a title in your greeting, change the title to an adjective and then use it to describe your name.
Using “za” while introducing yourself makes you sound haughty.
To form a conditional statement, the particle “et” is used in the phrasing condition + et + result.
To say you would do something, the particle “huk” is placed before the verb.